[183], This article is about the Nazi minister. House Albert Speer (4) Location: Take the road in front of the Gutshof back uphill to the Berghof. He lost yet more authority. [93] He opposed the assassination attempt against Hitler on 20 July 1944. By the autumn of 1942 however, the estimated period for developing a weapon had increased to three to four years, much too long to affect the war. [88] The SS provided 64,000 prisoners for 20 separate projects from various concentration camps including Mittelbau-Dora. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. [89] To increase production, Speer introduced a system of punishments for his workforce. The task force was established by 1 March 1944, orders of Speer, with support from Erhard Milch of the Reich Aviation Ministry. He fabricated the additional details. Rereading Albert Speer's "Inside the Third Reich". I'd like to know more about his life; all I know is that he was inside Stalingrad's. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. Hitler commissioned him to design and construct structures including the Reich Chancellery and the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. [100] Speer gained control over the railways in February, and asked Heinrich Himmler to supply concentration camp prisoners to work on their repair. There were so many corpses at the Dora underground factory, for example, that the crematorium was overwhelmed. Speer described the personalities of many Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Gring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann, and, of course, Hitler himself. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. This led to a significant German Army failure at the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major turning point on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Red Army. [52] Speer's building work made him among the wealthiest of the Nazi elite. [94] After the plot Speer's rivals attacked some of his closest allies and his management system fell out of favor with radicals in the party. Progress was slow because fuel was rationed and Army Group A were given priority. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. [155] In addition to the myth that he was an apolitical technocrat, he claimed he did not have full knowledge of the Holocaust or the persecution of the Jews. A speech by Albert Speer (there is an account of this speech in Albert Speer, Erinnerungen [Berlin, 1969], p. 325) was followed by speeches of his deputies: Willy Schliecker, the expert on American rearmament; Walther Rohland, the head of Panzer production; Karl Frydag, who was in charge of aircraft building; and Otto Merker, who was . The large capital investment was not repaid in military effectiveness. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". [50] In his final statement at Nuremberg, Speer gave the impression of apologizing, although he did not directly admit any personal guilt and the only victim he mentioned was the German people. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. First Architect of the Third Reich. [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. [11] As such, Speer taught some of his classes while continuing his own postgraduate studies. [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. Speer, Albert (1905-81). This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. Speer states he became hopeful when Hitler explained how communism could be checked and Germany could recover economically. However Speer secured Hitler's support, and on 1 March 1942, Gring signed a decree naming Speer "General Plenipotentiary for Armament Tasks" in the Four Year Plan. Many more buildings were planned. He was aided editorially by Wolf Jobst Siedler, Ullstein and Propylaen, and Joachim Fest. [174], Speer did not deny being present at the Posen speeches to Nazi leaders at a conference in Posen (Pozna) on 6 October 1943, but claimed to have left the auditorium before Himmler said during his speech: "The grave decision had to be taken to cause this people to vanish from the earth",[175] and later, "The Jews must be exterminated". [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. Albert Speer, Germany Architect. [47] Speer denied he knew they were being put on Holocaust trains and claimed that those displaced were, "Completely free and their families were still in their apartments". Yet each showed comparable increases in production despite not being under Speer's control. [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. [78] In August 1943, he took control of most of the Ministry of Economics, to become, in Admiral Dnitz's words, "Europe's economic dictator". Ultimately, when their emergence involved the ruin of all his work, Speer accepted the consequences and acted. Importantly, he provided an alibi to older Germans who had been Nazis. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. In her renowned biography, Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth, she describes her friend Schramm as "maybe the most moral person I have ever met". [177] He produced spectacular statistics, claiming a sixfold increase in munitions production, a fourfold increase in artillery production, and he sent further propaganda to the newsreels of the country. Speer's Heidelberg school offered rugby football, unusual for Germany, skiing, and Speer was a participant. He set about extending his power and influence with unexpected ambition. [43] The Schutzstaffel (SS) built two concentration camps in 1938 and used the inmates to quarry stone for its construction. [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. [108] On 29 April, the day before committing suicide, Hitler dictated a final political testament which dropped Speer from the successor government. These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. He studied under Bestelmeyer, Billing, and Tessenow, and rose to prominence on the death of Troost, becoming Adolf Hitler's (1889-1945) friend, confidant, and architect from 1934.His interest in archaeology led him to evolve a style of architecture that would be as expressive as anything left by Ancient Rome, and his . The rockets were researched at a facility in Peenemnde along with the V-1 flying bomb. "It is not charity; I don't like that . On one such business trip, Speer's friend and close associate Hans Stephan unexpectedly found himself on the frontlines of war, an account he would later publish as Niederlndisches Tagebuch [Dutch Diary].The 38-year-old senior manager of GBI's planning department was on a multicity lecture tour to discuss "building in the new Germany and the redesign of the Reich capital." [99][169], Speer maintained at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs that he had no direct knowledge of the Holocaust. It was for the maltreatment of these people, that Speer was principally convicted at the Nuremberg Trials. shelved 32,158 times. all Albert Speer wanted was to feel important. Detailed plans were completed in July 1937 and the first shell of the new chancellery was complete on 1 January 1938. While he sought to frustrate directives to destroy industrial facilities in areas at risk of capture, so that they could be used after the war, he still supported the war's continuation. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. Albert Speer (n.Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, 19 martie 1905 d. 1 septembrie 1981) a fost un arhitect german care a fost, pentru o parte din al Doilea Rzboi Mondial, ministrul al narmrii i produciei de rzboi pentru al Treilea Reich.Speer a fost arhitectul preferat al lui Adolf Hitler, nainte de a ocupa posturi ministeriale.i-a asumat responsabilitatea pentru crimele . He was the second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. At the end of July 1942, a lack of fuel brought Paulus to a halt at Kalach. [155] Speer was photographed with slave laborers at Mauthausen concentration camp during a visit on 31 March 1943; he also visited Gusen concentration camp. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. He maintained Hitler was cool towards him for the remainder of his life after learning they had included him on a list of potential ministers. [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. He spent the rest of his life attempting to enhance this image and erase any doubt that he did not participate or know about the Nazi atrocities. [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. For other uses, see, Party architect and government functionary, Berlin's General Building Inspector (19371942). (Black and white photographs from Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, published by Picador) To date, the foundation has given more than 500,000 in grants to more than 100 Jewish women for projects. Albert Speer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland", Francisco Boix identifies Speer at Nuremberg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Speer&oldid=1139875005, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56. [164] Even so, public perceptions of Speer did not change substantially until Heinrich Breloer aired a biographical film on TV in 2004. Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen Hello. Speer cancelled some hours before take-off because the previous night he had been up late in a meeting with Hitler. He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post [95], Losses of territory and a dramatic expansion of the Allied strategic bombing campaign caused the collapse of the German economy from late 1944. [69], As head of Organisation Todt, Speer was directly involved in the construction and alteration of concentration camps. [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. [148] In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. Speer's illness coincided with the Allied "Big Week", a series of bombing raids on the German aircraft factories that were a devastating blow to aircraft production. [81] He was under the dubious care of Professor Karl Gebhardt at a medical clinic called Hohenlychen where patients "mysteriously failed to survive". Albert Speer was a young architect initially seduced by the speeches and rhetoric of Hitler. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. The Battle of Stalingrad was a brutal military campaign between Russian forces and those of Nazi Germany and the Axis powers during World War II. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . Speer's mother asked Albert to do something to get Ernst out. [118] On 1 October 1946, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. [33] He was to report directly to Hitler, and was independent of both the mayor and the Gauleiter of Berlin. Those who feigned illness, slacked off, sabotaged production or tried to escape were denied food or sent to concentration camps. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and [167] Brechtken wrote that his most brazen lie was fabricated during an interview with a French journalist in 1952. Study now. [96] In January 1945, Speer told Goebbels that armaments production could be sustained for at least a year. [64] Another factor that produced the boom in ammunition was the policy of allocating more coal to the steel industry. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. the atmosphere was said the best ever it was actually worded they [23][24], In the English version of his memoirs, Speer says that his political commitment merely consisted of paying his "monthly dues". The designs were rushed into production, and the completed submarines were crippled by flaws which resulted from the way they had been constructed. Until 2 September 1943 the position's official name was Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions. First published in 1969, it appeared in English translation in 1970. sort by. [123] Wolters raised a total of DM158,000 for Speer over the final seventeen years of his sentence. [105] Speer ended them, though the army continued to blow up bridges. Want to Read. William. Most days he was invited to dinner. During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . [51] Speer used forced Jewish labor on these projects, in addition to regular German workers. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . [70], Speer realized that with six million workers drafted into the armed forces, there was a labor shortage in the war economy, and not enough workers for his factories. [92] The rockets were built at an underground factory at Mittelwerk. Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. The film began a process of demystification and critical reappraisal. Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. [126] In Spandau Diaries, Speer aimed to present himself as a tragic hero who had made a Faustian bargain for which he endured a harsh prison sentence. Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany on March 19, 1905, to Luise and Albert. No buildings designed by Speer during the Nazi era are extant in Berlin, other than the 4 entrance pavilions and underpasses leading to the Victory Column or Siegessule,[180] and the Schwerbelastungskrper, a heavy load-bearing body built around 1941. For the record, Ernst Speer is discussed at p. 336 in Beevor's "Stalingrad" (Penguin 2007), The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, Life in the Third Reich & Weimar Republic, Kriegsmarine surface ships and Kriegsmarine in general, Luftwaffe air units and Luftwaffe in general, German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, NSDAP, other party organizations & Government, The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, The Ron Klages Panzer & other vehicles Section, Panzer & other vehicles - Photo threads, Axis Documents, Feldpost numbers, Postcards & Other Paper Items, The United Kingdom & its Empire and Commonwealth 1919-45, The Allies and the Neutral States in general, German Colonies and Overseas Expeditions, The end of the Ottoman Empire 1908-1923, Translation help: Breaking the Sound Barrier. And estimated the Chancellery would be completed within three to four years 19, 1905 to. 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