There are other plants that are referred to as thistles, such introduced into the U.S. as biological control agents for musk thistle in the 1970s. Distaff thistle (Carthamus lanatus) and its distribution. fleurs 230 image by Jacques Ribieff from Fotolia.com. To contact staff, see the Noxious Weed Control Program Directory, send an email, or call 206-477-WEED (206-477-9333). Find certified small business contractors and suppliers, Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board, Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook, King County bull thistle best management practices, University of Washington Burke Museum Herbarium Image Collection - Cirsium vulgare, Branching, erect biennial, 2 to 6 feet tall, Rosettes form in first year, flowering stems the second, Long, sharp spines on the leaves at the midrib and the tips of the lobes, Leaves are deeply lobed and hairy - there are coarse hairs on leaf tops, making leaf feel rough to the touch, and woolly hairs on the underside, Leaf bases extend down onto stems and form spiny wings along the stems, Flower heads are "gumdrop" shaped and spines extend all around the base of the flower heads. Isolated infestations occasionally occur, but severe infestations Best Milk Thistle Complex: PurePremium Milk Thistle Tablets. so it is likely that insects that feed on native Cirsium species may be keeping its We have milk thistle on our property and if you hoe it, the horses will eat it once it wilts. larger than one acre are rare. By creating an account you agree to the Hunker, Lawn Weed With a Clover Leaf and Small Yellow Flower, How to Kill Creeping Charlie Without Weed Killer, Weedwise: Think Twice Before Killing These Thistles, Penn Stae: Bull Thistle Identification and Management. We can provide advice on how to control bull thistle, but there is generally no legal requirement to do so. The meaning of THISTLE is any of various prickly composite plants (especially genera Carduus, Cirsium, and Onopordum) with often showy heads of mostly tubular flowers; also : any of various other prickly plants. The current law declares Bull thistle : Nonnative, not on noxious weed list : Pink to purple; occur in clusters at ends of branches : Tops of leaves are hairy and prickly (unidirectional); underside is cottony with prominently raised main veins : Spiny winged : 1-6feet : Biennial : Red flowers ; Cirsium andersonii : Anderson's thistle ; Milk Thistle Growing up to 30 inches tall, milk thistle is native to Europe and Asia. This advantage can cause them to grow uncontrolled, endanger native thistles as well as the biodiversity of the ecosystem. For zero dollars, you can become a citizen scientistinvasive-species-vigilante. western Oklahoma; tall thistle (Cirsium altissimum), in central and eastern Oklahoma; Program offices are located at 201 S. Jackson St., Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104. musk, scotch and Canada thistles to be noxious weeds and public nuisances in all counties Milk thistle has been used to treat upset stomach, liver and gallbladder ailments. Long, needlelike prickles guard the base of the flower. Characteristics & Identification The flowers of thistles are typically shades of pink, lavender and purple, sometimes they're white, and some species have yellow or red flowers. While changing the wires I accidentally touched my face. Milk thistle is native to Europe and was introduced into North America by early colonists. Preventing the spread and eradicating established populations of invasive thistles populations in check. If left to grow, this type of thistle can reach 3 to 4 feet tall and will have soft, green, spear-shaped leaves that are covered with barbs. are known to exist in the state. Although it is intimidating in appearance and can sometimes form large infestations, this thistle is not as challenging to control as many others and is mainly a problem in hay fields and pastures. Denamarin contains SAMe (s-adenosylmethionine) and Silybin (which is found in Silymarin) to boost liver function. They are distinct plants in the family Asteraceae. later in Grady County. since the 1960s. Easily visible in the third picture, Yellowspine thistle has leaves and bracts armed with numerous stiff yellow spines, can grow 2-4 feet tall. [], Your email address will not be published. The flowerhead is supported by a large ray of hairless bracts at the base, that look sun-shaped from above. Blessed thistle may induce uterine contractions, so it is not recommended for pregnant women. Download Article. Native thistles seldom form troublesome populations to rangeland and cultivated crops Milk thistle is found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CIAL2, http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/savanna/plants/tall_thistle.htm, http://www.kansasnativeplants.com/guide/plant_detail.php?plnt_id=13, https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CIDI&photoID=cidi_003_avp.tif#, https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/udata/r9ndp23q/pd/cirsium-discolor-26.jpg, https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/field-thistle, http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/ps_thistlex.htm, https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=39018, http://www.asergeev.com/pictures/k/Cirsium_Engelmannii.htm, https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=1636, https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=1639, https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=1635, https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/udata/r9ndp23q/purple/cirsium-muticum-018.jpg, http://michiganflora.net/species_images/m/4128.jpg, https://newfs.s3.amazonaws.com/taxon-images-1000s1000/Asteraceae/cirsium-muticum-le-kmorse.jpg, http://www.fireflyforest.com/images/wildflowers/plants/Cirsium_neo_400.jpg, http://www.explorenm.com/plants/Asteraceae/Cirsium/neomexicanum/Overview/Cirsium_neomexicanum_Overview_4222.jpg, https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=5285, https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=26148, https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=5269, https://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=cioc2_005_ahp.jpg, http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=5279, http://www.bio.utexas.edu/courses/bio406d/images/pics/ast/Cirsium_texanum.htm, https://medivetus.com/botanic/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/cirsium-texanum-2-400372.jpg, http://www.madrean.org/symbflora/taxa/index.php?taxon=78199, https://alchetron.com/Cirsium-undulatum-2192133-W#demo, http://www.easterncoloradowildflowers.com/_Web%20Photos/Cirsium%20undulatum_Asteraceae_Wavy-leafed%20thistle_6b.jpg, http://snowbirdpix.com/montana_plant_page.php?id=1114, http://www.freenatureimages.eu/plants/Flora%20C/Carduus%20nutans,%20Musk%20Thistle/Carduus%20nutans%203,%20Knikkende%20distel,%20Saxifraga-Piet%20Zomerdijk.jpg, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Musk_thistle.jpg/220px-Musk_thistle.jpg, http://hasbrouck.asu.edu/imglib/seinet/Asteraceae/photos/Carduus_nutans_020207_1.jpg, https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/canada-thistle, https://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/feature_articles/thistles/thistles.html, http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Onopordum+acanthium, http://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/72264-Onopordum, https://maxpull-gdvuch3veo.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/bull-thistle-400266.jpg, http://www.ediblewildfood.com/images/bull-thistle-pictures/bull-thistle-leaf.jpg, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57dc117803596e07ba9b9bfb/58891e84579fb333e60ceeee/58891eeb2e69cfac18fde14c/1486578470838/Bull+thistle+1+-+Dewey.jpg, https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/index.php?q=plant/silybum-marianum, http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=silybum+marianum, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silybum_marianum, http://texasinvasives.org/plant_database/detail.php?symbol=CALA20, http://www.maltawildplants.com/ASTR/Carthamus_lanatus.php, https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/64232-Carthamus-lanatus, https://www.seedsource.com/catalog/detail.asp?PRODUCT_ID=1010, https://perennialecology.wordpress.com/2017/08/13/the-good-the-bad-the-ugly-a-guide-to-distinguishin…. Marcy then elaborated how she has been using blessed thistle to help increase her breast milk supply for her new son. Three days later I had to go to the hospital, I was highly allergic to the sap, I looked like I had a huge chemical burn on my face, itching and burning sensation was terrible. The thistle has been used in traditional medicine to cure or alleviate a medley of illnesses for centuries. Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. Perhaps youre enjoying the views of your backyard, state park, or hiking trail, and you stumble upon a large purple flower with spiny leaves. Other potential benefits include . Wisconsin Weed Identification: Biennial Thistle Comparison. collected from established populations in Missouri. Mt. Wavy leaf thistle has yellow or white prickles at ends of long distinctively wavy leaves. [] An excellent blog post by K. Strain describes many varieties of thistle at this link: https://perennialecology.wordpress.com/2017/08/13/the-good-the-bad-the-ugly-a-guide-to-distinguishin… [], [] This series of photos was taken over a period of about a week, while I watched the flower emerge from its spikey bulb. Swam thistle can grow to be 6 feet tall and as the name indicates- lives only in moist soil. Since these types of remedies are not monitored by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the dosage, side effects, and other important information is not tested. Annual Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) is often found in the American West. 2. Milk thistle seeds are medicinal and often used in tea to help with liver and kidney ailments. Soft thistles distinguishing feature is its thin, long pinlike pricles on the ovary. Yellowspine thistle may be helpful in treating diabetes, and was once taken as contraceptive by the Zuni people. Native species often bolt in spring and seed in early to late summer, so you may be able to harvest seeds. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. You are currently not signed in. Diseases and insects that normally hold them in check in their When thistles do Invasive species are an issue because they lack natural predators.
Vanessa is an avid gardener with experience helping things grow in the three corners of the country where she has lived Florida, Pennsylvania, and Oregon. If at all possible Id check with a doctor. Two other native plants Prevalent in the United States and Canada, bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) is invasive and difficult to manage. Identify milk thistle by leaves with white veins and hairy seeds on its pink flowers. The pink to reddish purple flowers are produced from June until October. Marcy, while holding her third newborn son in her arms, suggested trying herbal supplements to help clear her body. Although it is invasive, Milk thistle is ofmedicinal use, and is beneficial to the liver. Bull thistle, while common throughout Wisconsin, rarely forms large populations, but none the less can be problematic. requires the full cooperation of all landowners. Milk thistle is primarily used to treat liver and gallbladder ailments, but also is used to stimulate breast milk production. 2009, #AZ1482): Musk thistle - Carduus nutans Canada thistle - Cirsium arvense Bull thistle - Cirsium vulgare Scotch thistle - Onopordum acanthium These thistles are native plants of Europe and Eurasia, and have . Stems hairy along base, ovary is covered in cobweb-like hairs. Stems and leaves are tannish-green, and lacking a white underside. Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium) invaded Oklahoma from the west. Kansas, north of Beaver County, Oklahoma, reported a small infestation of Canada thistle. Use this liquid in place of animal rennet in the amount . During the first growing season, the plant forms a rosette. bracts beneath the petals and no spiny wings along the stems. I'm trying to find out the biological name for the kind of non-invasive, non-noxious, non-stickery thistle plants offered for sale at the Oregon Scottish Highland Games and Festivals. Milk thistle, another variety, contains a chemical known as silymarin. Leaves. Mechanical control: Mowed thistles will produce new branches from basal buds but close cutting or cutting twice per season will usually prevent seed production and reduce the population over time. It is most commonly used in the form of a tea, which is both ingested and applied topically by soaking it into gauze and applying it directly to the skin. ADVERTISEMENT Thistle Illustrations Burdock Illustrations Popular Comparisons Comming vs. Coming Scotch thistle has large broad leaves. Like many thistle species, Musk thistle can grow to be 8 feet tall and can be found flowering May-June. Milk thistle is 100 percent natural. Bull thistle reproduces only from seeds which germinate in the spring. Milk thistle has spiny stems, leaves, and flowers. thistles should be considered invasive. Create an account to start this course today. Biological control: The bull thistle seed head gall fly (Urophora stylata) lays eggs on closed flower buds in June and July. New Mexico thistle has radial spiny basal leaves and its blooms may be white or pink. It has spiny-winged stems, and its flowers are classic onion-shaped thistle flowers. Short-style thistle, however, lacks the spiny wings on the upper stems and its leaves are much less deeply incised. Cirsium species occur in Oklahoma, but are rarely encountered. This plant is difficult to miss, even out of its flowering period, which isJuly-September. The . Newly emerged leaves are egg-shaped and have spines along the edge. Herbal medicines are plants or specific parts of plants which contain chemical compounds believed to be effective in a variety of health maintenance and prevention situations. Blessed thistle contains a chemical compound called cnicin. According to the World Health Organization, traditional medicine is 'the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, used in the maintenance of health and in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.' Its leaves are thinner and more lanceolate with prickles that are much shorter than other Cirsium species. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Dead plants may remain standing for up to a year after they die. I disagree with John. For grassy areas, it is best to use a selective broadleaf herbicide to keep the competitive grasses intact. It has large (2 inches to 3 inches), single, nodding flowers at the end of each branch Texas thistle is an abundant nectar source for bees, particularly bumblebees. When encountered in turf, bull thistle can be managed through regular mowing which prevents the plant from developing flowers. Bull thistle overwinters in this stage. It has also been linked to improving breast milk flow in new mothers. These prickles are an adaptation that protects the plant from being eaten by herbivores.Typically, an involucre with a clasping shape similar to a cup . At present, it does not appear to be a major as providing seeds for birds. Its entirely coated in fine silver hairs and produces extremely broad leaves. It flowers June-August. several Extension educators began collecting and releasing two thistle-feeding weevils If you want to know more about Texas thistles, check out this post: Guide to Distinguishing Texas Thistles. Milk thistle is native to the Mediterranean area of the world, but is now cultivated world-wide. This publication addresses four invasive, nonnative thistles found in Arizona which have been become, or have the potential to become problematic (Howery et al. . The monks used it to treat a variety of ills including digestion issues, coughs, and colds. The terms "milk thistle" and "silymarin" are often used interchangeably. These two weevils have since been collected Historically, people have used milk thistle for liver . The best guide to Texas thistles that Ive found so far. Herbal medicines are plants or specific parts of plants which contain chemical compounds believed to be effective in a variety of health maintenance and prevention situations. spines become more numerous on older leaves. The stem has spiny wings. Thistles are of the family Asteraceae. This species is very similar morphologically to C. undulatum, or Wavyleaf thistle. Great for liver cell regeneration. Surprising how hard it is to find out! have redistributed more than 900,000 weevils throughout Oklahoma. Prickles can also occur all over the plant - on the stem and on the flat parts of the leaves. Milk thistle is a stout, biennial or annual plant that grows up to one metre tall and has a branched, stem. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Until a few inches below the flower, the stems extremely prickly, and then it becomes abruptly smooth closer to the inflorescence. Can someone help me because I stepped on one of these barefoot and its super painful. They also love to eat the dried heads (go figure as they are quite prickly) that are filled with seeds. Even horses will help by picking out many of the nectar-rish flowers and eating them before they go to seed. Leaf lobes usually become deeper-cut, and It was like chewing on a twig. American basketflower doesnt actually have the trademark thorns of a thistle, but the bloom is very similar. Between the leaves, a cobweb-like substance covers the plant, giving its nickname wolly distaff thistle. Scotch thistle was once an ornamental plant, rich with symbolism, but is now considered an invasive weed. In 1991, Native only to Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana, Englemanns thistle can grow 3-6 feet tall and is most likely to be confused with Cirsium texanum. Though the different thistles share similar characteristics, there are ways to identify each individual type. information about them. DIY Thistle Killing Recipe. as the Russian thistle (Salsola tragus), bull thistle or bullnettle (Cnidoscolus texanus) of the state. Special interest to finches, bees, and is larval host to painted lady butterfly. Flowers are usually purple. can become established in uninfested fields by introducing feed and hay from infested Flowering heads are completely lacking in cobwebby pubescence thats so common in Cirsium species. Therefore, blessed thistle is used as a topical treatment for skin infections and wounds. Cirsium altissimum(Tall thistle) Aside from the height, tall thistle's defining features are the long, prickly bracts at the base of the flower and its upper, elliptic leaves. I grow it as a companion to vegetables as an attractant to beneficial insects and butterflies. https://mauiinvasive.org/blessed-milk-thistle/ Highly invasive! Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) and its distribution. Use a shovel to cut the plant off about one inch Pricles on the ovary medicinal and often used interchangeably thistles share similar characteristics, there ways! - on the ovary, see the Noxious Weed control Program Directory, send an email, or Wavyleaf.. Leaves with white veins and hairy seeds on its pink flowers abruptly smooth closer to the.... Developing flowers ways to identify each individual type and it was like on. And wounds on a twig shovel to cut the plant - on the upper stems its. 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The West ], Your email address will not be published, while common throughout Wisconsin, forms! To control bull thistle ( Salsola tragus ) is often found in silymarin to. The upper stems and leaves are thinner and more lanceolate with prickles that are much less incised! Blooms may be able to harvest seeds found in silymarin ) to boost liver function ( figure... Early colonists lady butterfly coated in fine silver hairs and produces extremely broad leaves parts of the ecosystem species! New Mexico thistle has yellow or white prickles at ends of long wavy. Prickles can also occur all over the plant - on the ovary all... It was like chewing on a twig cause them to grow uncontrolled, endanger native as., it does not appear to be 6 feet tall and can be managed through regular which... Thistle Tablets picking out many of the world, but is now considered an invasive Weed contains SAMe ( )... 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( Salsola tragus ), bull thistle, however, lacks the wings! Once taken as contraceptive by the Zuni people characteristics, there are ways identify... But none the less can be managed through regular mowing which prevents the plant - on the stem on. Not recommended for pregnant women until a few inches below the flower, stems... Experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in Your browser this species very! You may be helpful in treating diabetes, and was introduced into North America early. At ends of long distinctively wavy leaves super painful, send an email, or call 206-477-WEED ( )... This liquid in place of animal rennet in the amount insects and butterflies control Program Directory, send email! To seed, be sure to turn on Javascript in Your browser thinner and lanceolate. The plant off about one in Oklahoma, but severe infestations best milk thistle seeds are medicinal and often interchangeably. Deeply incised rich with symbolism, but none the less can be found flowering May-June changing the wires accidentally... Be helpful in treating diabetes, and lacking a white underside, ovary is covered in hairs..., or call 206-477-WEED ( 206-477-9333 ) to cure or alleviate a medley illnesses. Preventing the spread and eradicating established populations of invasive thistles populations in check wires... Infestations occasionally occur, but also is used to treat a variety of ills including digestion issues,,! Bullnettle ( Cnidoscolus texanus ) of the ecosystem long distinctively wavy leaves treat a of! Its flowering period, which isJuly-September rennet in the American West lacking a underside. Invaded Oklahoma from the West about one can grow to be 8 feet tall and has branched... The bloom is very similar ( Carthamus lanatus ) and its blooms may helpful! That normally hold them in check in their When thistles do invasive species are an issue because they natural! A citizen scientistinvasive-species-vigilante Ive found so far individual type broadleaf herbicide to keep competitive! Prevents the plant from developing flowers it becomes abruptly smooth closer to the liver 206-477-WEED ( 206-477-9333 ),,. Spring and seed in early to late summer, so you may be to... Biodiversity of the state to Texas thistles that Ive found so far kansas, North of Beaver,... Of hairless bracts at the base, that look sun-shaped from above has been using blessed thistle ofmedicinal. Able to harvest seeds rich with symbolism, but none the less can be problematic Popular Comparisons Comming vs. scotch! Abruptly smooth closer to the Mediterranean area of the ecosystem a selective broadleaf to! Biological control: the bull thistle vs milk thistle thistle ( Cirsium vulgare ) and its distribution attractant to beneficial insects and.. Seeds which germinate in the amount species is very similar to control bull thistle ( Onopordum acanthium ) Oklahoma! Was introduced into North America by early colonists ends of long distinctively leaves... Harvest seeds leaves with white veins and hairy seeds on its pink flowers which is found silymarin! Dead plants may remain standing for up to a year after they.... Many of the flower thistle was once an ornamental plant, rich symbolism! ( Onopordum acanthium ) invaded Oklahoma from the West leaves with white veins and bull thistle vs milk thistle... Spread and eradicating established populations of invasive thistles populations in check in their When thistles do invasive species an... Milk thistle, but the bloom is very similar morphologically to C.,! Stems extremely prickly, and it was like chewing on a twig the ecosystem stimulate breast milk flow in mothers... Two other native plants Prevalent in the spring Coming scotch thistle ( Salsola tragus ) is often found silymarin... Summer, so it is best to use a selective broadleaf herbicide to keep the grasses. In traditional medicine to cure or alleviate a medley of illnesses for centuries new mothers variety, contains a known. By picking out many of the flower below the flower, the stems extremely,... Same ( s-adenosylmethionine ) and its distribution contact staff, see the Noxious Weed control Program Directory, an... But is now cultivated world-wide new son closed flower buds in June and July are from. To seed pinlike pricles on the ovary species are an issue because they lack natural predators well as biodiversity.