[citation needed] As cattle terminology in use amongst the few modern Bantu pastoralist groups suggests, the Bantu migrants would acquire cattle from their new Cushitic neighbors. The climate of East Africa is rather atypical of equatorial regions. 12. Although no houses were being built of coral, stone mosques were being constructed. Stay safe. The most important site of this period yet to have been found is at Manda, near Lamu, on the Kenyan coast. The traders relied on the monsoon winds to blow their ships to and from the east African coast. People here depend on the regions natural resourcesclean freshwater, healthy forests and mangroves, and abundant fish and wildlife. [52], The earliest Bantu inhabitants of the east coast of Kenya and Tanzania encountered by these later Arab and Persian settlers have been variously identified with the trading settlements of Rhapta, Azania and Menouthias[53] referenced in early Greek and Chinese writings from 50 CE to 500 CE,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] ultimately giving rise to the name for Tanzania. The British also held a number of island colonies in the region, including the extended archipelago of Seychelles and the rich farming island of Mauritius, previously under the French sovereignty. XXXIV 1999, pp. A gasflame nudibranch in False Bay, Cape Peninsula, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2018 Entrant), ? app@africageographic.com 10. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean. (UK) +44 (23) 9387-7464 Logging also opens up previously inaccessible forests to poachers and illegal wildlife traders. The coast of East Africa provides many excellent natural harbours formed by submerged former river estuaries. In rural areas, people have lost crops and livestock and face hunger and outbreaks of malaria. Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous state in the United Republic of Tanzania. Sodwana Bay is the oldest marine reserve in South Africa and its healthy reefs and rich; diverse marine life is a prime example of this. ~ Geo Cloete, ? Home to some of the most spectacular and treasured life, the oceans and seas surrounding Africa contain a multitude of creatures that thrive in the warm and cold currents that run along our continent. Lake Niassa is located in Mozambique and shares borders with Malawi and Tanzania. Only in quite recent times has agriculture spread to the more humid regions south of the equator, through the spread of cattle, sheep and crops such as millet. This Somaliland protectorate was just opposite the British colony of Aden on the Arabian Peninsula. Speakers of Nilo-Saharan languages populate Uganda and the rift valley portions of Kenya and Tanzania, while speakers of Bantu languages constitute much of the remainder of these countries population. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! The German Empire gained control of a large area named German East Africa, comprising present-day Rwanda, Burundi and the mainland part of Tanzania named Tanganyika. The Big Five of the Ocean: Exploring the Waters of East Africa. Chami, Felix A. [67] Portuguese rule in the African Great Lakes region focused mainly on a coastal strip centered around Mombasa. From the base, several columns stretched up high into the water column. A team of researchers . It is narrow (approx. Drink. (RSA) +27 (87) 551-8105 The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Greek and Roman coins have been found, and there are some accounts of overseas migrations to the coast. The Western Rift Valley curves along the western borders of Uganda and Tanzania. Inshore, people often mistake the pectoral fin of a sunfish floating on the surface to be that of a sharks dorsal fin. 1250 24th Street, N.W. After traditional land routes to India had been closed by the Ottoman Turks, Portugal hoped to use the sea route pioneered by da Gama to break the once Venetian trading monopoly. Go next. Moreover, this area had the potential for a significant residential expansion, being suitable for the relocation of a large number of British nationals to the region. Precipitation also is affected by varying elevation: Uganda, Tanzania, and western Kenya receive plentiful rainfall, while Somalia, eastern Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya receive far less. Several countries border the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. This warm current is also pushed westward by the cold Canary current. [44] The old kingdom's first mention dates to the 25th century BCE. The British Empire set foot in the region's most exploitable and promising lands acquiring what is today Uganda, and Kenya. Aromatic gums, tortoiseshell, ivory, and slaves were traded in return. [51] The Swahili culture that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many Afro-Arab members of the Bantu Swahili people. [45] The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. Lucas Jackson/Reuters Elsewhere in the US, the West Coast is getting hit by huge storms coming from the goofy jet stream . The climate of eastern Africa is generally tropical, though average temperatures tend to be reduced by the regions high elevations. Just off the coast of Kenya, it's a peaceful island, free of cars and surrounded by the Indian Ocean. The team of the East African Marine Transect is on a journey to explore the coral reefs of East Africa and get an understanding of their current health and status. Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa East Africa, List of African cuisines East African cuisine, Music of Africa West, Central, Southeast and South Africa, Sub-Saharan African music traditions East Africa, Traditional African religions East Africa, Writing systems of Africa Ancient orthographies, List of ethnic groups of Africa East Africa, History of science and technology in Africa, genocide of Hutus in 1972 and genocide of Tutsis in 1993, "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)", "Overview of Module Twenty: Southern Africa", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T6557A16980917.en, 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<3457:gpoirv>2.0.co;2, "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean", "A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history", Searching for traces of the Southern Dispersal, "Genomic evidence for an African expansion of anatomically modern humans by a Southern route", "Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia", "Meet the Contenders for Earliest Modern Human", "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia", "Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up in Kenya", "A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species", "Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age", "Scientists Find the Skull of Humanity's Ancestor on a Computer By comparing fossils and CT scans, researchers say they have reconstructed the skull of the last common forebear of modern humans", "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species", Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies, "Forgotten Ancient History of East Africa", "The Bantu Migration | World Civilization", "Perspectives on the African past Google Books", "Uganda and Its Peoples: Notes on the Protectorate of Uganda, Especially the Anthropology and Ethnology of Its Indigenous Races", "Islands in a Cosmopolitan Sea: A History of the Comoros by Iain Walker (Review)", "Book review. 2010-10-06 07:36:31. The water temperature right now is at least 32F and at most 85F. The Dragonfly Sea, by Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor. Vast coastlines and active ports, combined with inadequate law enforcement and customs capacity, allow for large-scale shipments to move easily into international markets in Asia. Some are sovereign nations in their own right, while others are little-known secrets that harbor fantastic cultural and natural treasures. Climate change is expected to intensify these and other problems. Rainfall variability is influenced by both El Nio events and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole. Rising demand and weak enforcement have led to a higher incidence of elephant poaching and increasing ivory markets. Women gathering sand oysters in Mozambique. Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. 08/22/2019. At this stage, the Portuguese presence in East Africa served the purposes of controlling trade within the Indian Ocean and securing the sea routes linking Europe to Asia. The red stood for the English, blue stood for the French, and the beige stood for Germany during the period of colonialism. Ships sailed from there to western India to bring back cotton cloth, grain, oil, sugar, and ghee, while others moved down the Red Sea to the East African coast bringing cloaks, tunics, copper, and tin. The two most striking highlands are in Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively, where large areas reach elevations of 6,500 to 10,000 feet (2,000 to 3,000 metres). The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. Compass in the dark at Atlantis Reef dive site, Simons Town, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), I went diving at the newly discovered Atlantis reef. WWF works to sustain the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife, collaborating with partners from local to global levels in nearly 100 countries. Map 9.9. Chapter 8: "The Cinnamon Route". Generally the Eastern Hemisphere includes most of Africa, about half of Antarctica, all of Asia and Australia/Oceania, and most of Europe. German East Africa, though very extensive, was not of such strategic importance as the British Crown's colonies to the north: the inhabitation of these lands was difficult and thus limited, mainly due to climatic conditions and the local geomorphology. Outside of protected areas, WWF supports joint antipoaching efforts, involving police, military and park service staff. This warm water current runs south along the east coast of southern Africa from ~25S to 40S, and is the Western Boundary Current of the South Indian Ocean. The Southern African coast line is 5500 km long and extends from Angola (Cunene River mouth)in the west to the Zambezi delta in the east, the border of Tanzania. [72] In the video games Halo 2 and Halo 3, East Africa is one of the central locations for the campaigns.[73]. [50], On the coastal section of the African Great Lakes region, another mixed Bantu community developed through contact with Muslim Arab and Persian traders, leading to the development of the mixed Arab, Persian and African Swahili City States. KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/Getty Images. The latter also spread Islam to the coastal belt, but most Bantu remained African Traditional Religion adherents. East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. [27] There are differing theories on whether there was a single exodus or several; a multiple dispersal model involves the Southern Dispersal theory. Nilotic languages, such as Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai and Nuer, are spoken in lesser numbers, primarily in the African Great Lakes and Nile Valley. When ships were powered by sails, the seasonally alternating Indian Ocean monsoon winds allowed for efficient sea voyages up and down the coast. We collaborate with authorities on a comprehensive investigation of illegal practices in an effort to create new policies and standards that mandate sustainable forest management and trade. The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. For example, men from local villages are now employed as game scouts, patrolling for poachers over hundreds of miles, often on foot. WWF continues to support law enforcement and promote awareness of illegal wildlife trade. Da Gama's voyage was successful in reaching India, which permitted the Portuguese to trade with the Far East directly by sea. Illegal small-mesh seine net fishing in Tanzania. The largest numbers of Nilo-Saharan speakers belong to the Luo, Lango, Kalenjin, Maasai, and Karimojong peoples, while the principal Bantu-speaking ethnic groups are the Kikuyu, Chaga, and Kamba. Sadly, when it comes to the ocean, the out of sight out of mind way of thinking often applies. Best Answer. Pop. [79], According to the CIA, as of 2017, the countries in the eastern Africa region have a total population of around 537.9 million inhabitants.[80]. Ancient Africa's east coast was home to trading cities, a region that subsists primarily on international import and export. Eastern Africa had an estimated population of 260 million in 2000. A blue shark just below the surface about 40km off Cape Point, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), Sail southwest from Cape Point and eventually you will be surrounded by the blue horizon in all directions. Sailors and Daughters reveals the expansive maritime societies of Zanzibar, the east African coast, and beyond. Villagers found that the small no-take zones that allowed fish stocks to rebound also produced an abundance of oysters. Aiming to reduce illegal activities, WWF helped the governments of Tanzania and Mozambique agree to work cooperatively on improving forest management. Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. During the following fifteen centuries, the Bantu slowly intensified farming and grazing over all suitable regions of East Africa, in the process making contact with Austronesian- and Arabic-speaking settlers on southern coastal areas. Such local participation and management will help ensure protection of the lakes vital resources for future generations. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! [69] Madagascar became part of the French colonial empire following two military campaigns against the Kingdom of Madagascar, which it initiated after persuading Britain to relinquish its interests in the island in exchange for control of Zanzibar off the coast of Tanganyika, an important island hub of the spices trade. Warming seawaters threaten the incredible diversity associated with the regions coral reefs, leading to die-offs from bleaching. One area of work focuses on tuna, as we seek to help fisheries achieve certification by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). 2425. With millions of humans also sharing the land, frequent encounters occur and often lead to conflict. WWF also facilitated the organization of local fishing communities and helped build their capacity to combat illegal fishing, create alternative sources of income, and implement environmental education programs. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing may account for as much as a third of total catches in some important fisheries in the region, and the capacity for local enforcement is severely lacking. In 1890, beginning with the purchase of the small port town of (Asseb) from a local sultan in Eritrea, the Italians colonized all of Eritrea. But also because there are so many different tourist coasts along its length. In fact, on the coast of Somalia, many years can go by without any rain whatsoever. East Africa is a subregion of the continent of Africa, according to the United Nations Geoscheme. The inhabitants, whose main local currency was cowrie shells, traded with the peoples of the Persian Gulf and, by the early 11th century, had first come under Muslim influence. Some of the island's historical buildings could be seen from the ocean, especially the House of . Attacks followed on Hoja (now known as Ungwana, located at the mouth of the Tana River), Barawa, Angoche, Pate and other coastal towns until the western Indian Ocean was a safe haven for Portuguese commercial interests. In fact, a 2015 study published in Geophysical Research Letters showed that by closely watching these tropical disturbances off the coast of western Africa, researchers . Like their predecessors, the Omani Arabs were primarily able only to control the coastal areas, not the interior. A close up of a giant sea clam in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), Giant sea clams typically occur on the east coast of Africa in clear water of less than 10 metres. [70] In 1922, the British gained a League of Nations mandate over Tanganyika which it administered until Independence was granted to Tanganyika in 1961. 1969. Tanzania and Uganda fought the UgandaTanzania War in 19781979, which led to the removal of Uganda's despotic leader Idi Amin. Today at the Bab-el-Mandeb straits, the Red Sea is about 12 miles (20 kilometres) wide, but 50,000 years ago it was much narrower and sea levels were 70 meters lower. Though there is some suggestion that in the 10th century the Muslims had not yet begun to move farther south than Somalia, on Qanbalu they soon became rulers of a pagan population, whose language they adopted. Because exploitation of turtles is often driven by a lack of economic choices, WWF works to develop alternative livelihoods so that local people are no longer dependent on turtle products for income. The main ethnic groups of Eritrea, the Tigray and the Tigre, are speakers of Semitic languages. Some fishing practices are causing unacceptable amounts of bycatchthreatening shark, marine turtles and seabird populations. The school of fish represents the ozone, and the reef below is Earth. Blue sharks have the largest distribution range around the globe, and are unfortunately the shark species targeted the most by fishermen for their fins. ~ Geo Cloete, ? With its original speech community centered on the coastal parts of Tanzania (particularly Zanzibar) and Kenyaa seaboard referred to as the Swahili Coastthe Bantu Swahili language contains many Arabic loan-words as a consequence of these interactions. Africa has a huge range of coastline which borders not only two oceans, but two seas as well. Off the coast of East Africa is the Indian Ocean. The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. We also work towards MSC certification for the deep water shrimp fishery in Mozambique. Wild dogs, black rhinos and lions also roam its forests and grasslands. The coastline of South Africa, stretching 1,740 miles (2,800 kilometers) From Mozambique to Namibia, is presided over by two great oceanic systems: a powerful current on one side of the continent . Physical Geography. I was swimming slowly after it, blacking out the background to highlight its vivid colours. ~ Peet J. van Eeden, ? Swahili, with at least 80million speakers[citation needed] as a first or second language, is an important trade language in the Great Lakes area. In and around Quirimbas National Park in northern Mozambique, we have worked with farmers to minimize physical confrontation with elephants, protect crop fields and save lives. East Africa's Coral Refuge is a critical source of food and livelihoods for people all across Kenya and Tanzania. Here are the possible solutions for "Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean" clue. Further information in the sections of Architecture of Africa: Further information in the sections of History of science and technology in Africa: Since the end of colonialism, several East African countries were riven with military coups, ethnic violence and oppressive dictators. [2][3][4][5] However, this has never been the convention in many other languages, where the term generally had a wider, strictly geographic context and therefore typically included Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Organised by The Society for Arabian Studies. At Lake Malawi, they finally met the recently created British Protectorate of Nyasaland (nowadays Malawi), which surrounded the homonymous lake on three sides, leaving the Portuguese the control of lake's eastern coast. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. In the East, Africa faces the Indian Ocean. From: Red Sea Trade and Travel. A senior U.S. Navy officer says that his service no longer considers the East Coast of the United States as an "uncontested" area or an automatic "safe haven" for its ships and submarines. Gujarati traders were already criss-crossing the ocean for biashara with the Swahili Coast of Eastern Africa. A Ugandan lawmaker on Tuesday introduced draft legislation that he said seeks to prohibit homosexuality in the East African country, voicing widespread anti-gay sentiment that has peaked in recent days, A Paris court is set to rule on a case pitting French and Ugandan environmentalist groups against oil giant TotalEnergies regarding a major oil field and pipeline projects in east Africa, U.S. first lady Jill Biden has gotten an up-close look at the historic East Africa drought, A judge in Kenya has ruled that Facebooks parent company, Meta, can be sued in the East African country. Learn the historical significance of the Kingdom of Axum and how other . The Indian Ocean has cast up a wealth of literature that merges fact and fiction, the most familiar to us being The Seven Voyages of Sindbad as passed down in the The Arabian Nights. Borders of Uganda 's despotic leader Idi Amin for efficient sea voyages up east coast of africa ocean the... 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