[213] The first known eyewitness testimony is that of the pilgrim Arculf who visited about 670. You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews. [155][160] The construction of the Dome of the Rock was interpreted by Ya'qubi, a 9th-century Abbasid historian, as an Umayyad attempt to redirect the Hajj from Mecca to Jerusalem by creating a rival to the Ka'aba. the story of my Night Journey), I stood up in Al-Hijr and Allah displayed Jerusalem in front of me, and I began describing it to them while I was looking at it. Evidence of a Hasmonean expansion of the Temple Mount has been recovered by archaeologist Leen Ritmeyer. God answered his prayers and stopped the plague. ", "The Temple Mount Outrageous Lies and Escalating Dangers", "Watch: Waqf bans 'Religious Christians' from Temple Mount", "Israeli Police Storm Disputed Jerusalem Holy Site", "Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence", "Israel freezes Unesco ties for 'denying Jewish holy sites', "Four stages in the evolution of the Temple Mount", "The Temple Mount, the Rabbis, and the Poetics of Memory", Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, The Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs, The Administration Department of Awgaf and Al-Aqsa Mosque Affairs, Jerusalem: Al-Aqsa Mosque, "PLO urge journalists: Don't use term 'Temple Mount', "Islamic guards try to boot guide for saying 'Temple Mount' on Temple Mount", "Account of Jerusalem during the Frank Occupation, extracted from the Universal Geography of Edrisi. [136] According to early Quranic interpreters and what is generally accepted as Islamic tradition, in 638 CE Umar, upon entering a conquered Jerusalem, consulted with Ka'ab al-Ahbar a Jewish convert to Islam who came with him from Medina as to where the best spot would be to build a mosque. "[204] Julian saw the Jewish God as a fitting member of the pantheon of gods he believed in, and he was also a strong opponent of Christianity. Busse, H. (1968). [292] These passages lead in erratic directions, some leading beyond the southern edge of the Temple Mount (they are at a depth below the base of the walls); their purpose is currently unknown as is whether they predate the Temple Mount a situation not helped by the fact that apart from Warren's expedition no one else is known to have visited them. [248], In the 2010s, fear arose among Palestinians that Israel planned to change the status quo and permit Jewish prayers or that al-Aqsa mosque might be damaged or destroyed by Israel. Did Judaism's holiest site become Muslim? A 2013 Knesset committee hearing considered allowing Jews to pray at the site, amidst heated debate. The Al-Aqsa Mosque, sometimes known as the Qibli Mosque, rest on the far southern side of the Mount, facing Mecca. It is the third-holiest site in Islam, and the holiest place for Jews, who refer to it as the Temple Mount But the hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and in truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him. On 26 January 1984 Waqf guards detected members of B'nei Yehuda, a messianic cult of former gangsters turned mystics based in Lifta, trying to infiltrate the area to blow it up. Temple Mount expansion. [2] The courtyard (sahn)[20] can host more than 400,000 worshippers, making it one of the largest mosques in the world. [155][157] Eventually, a consensus emerged around the identification of the "furthest place of prayer" with Jerusalem, and by implication the Temple Mount. [91][92] In October 2017, Israel and the United States announced they would withdraw from UNESCO, citing anti-Israel bias. [161], Other academics attribute the holiness of Jerusalem to the rise and expansion of a certain type of literary genre, known as al-Fadhail or history of cities. The present site is a flat plaza surrounded by retaining walls (including the Western Wall), which were originally built by King Herod in the first century BCE for an expansion of the Second Jewish Temple. Some early scholars however, claim that entry onto certain areas of the Mount is permitted. Annika Bjrkdahl and Susanne Buckley-Zistel: "The site is known in Arabic as Haram al-Sharif the Noble Sanctuary and colloquially as the Haram or the al-Aqsa compound; while in Hebrew, it is called Har HaBeit the Temple Mount. "The city of Jerusalem was chosen at the command of Allah by Prophet David in the tenth century BCE. [98][99] Orthodox Jewish tradition maintains it is here that the third and final Temple will be built when the Messiah comes. Al Aqsa Mosque ("Al-Masjid al-Aqsa"), which literally means, "The Farthest Mosque," occupies the southern end of Temple Mount and faces the Dome of the Rock. As in Judaism, Muslims also associate the site with Solomon and other prophets who are also venerated in Islam. The area is also the third most important site in Islam, the Al-Aqsa Mosque, which is also located on the Temple Mountthe Jewish name for the compoundin the Old City of Jerusalem. Israeli leadership repeatedly stated that the status quo would not change. These two structures remain intact today. [204][205] In a letter attributed to Julian he wrote to the Jews that "This you ought to do, in order that, when I have successfully concluded the war in Persia, I may rebuild by my own efforts the sacred city of Jerusalem, which for so many years you have longed to see inhabited, and may bring settlers there, and, together with you, may glorify the Most High God therein. It continued afterwards for several centuries until the time of Prophet Jesus. [302], Israeli organizations such as the Committee to Prevent the Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount argue that Palestinians are deliberately removing significant amounts of archaeological evidence about the Jewish past of the site and claim to have found significant artifacts in the fill removed by bulldozers and trucks from the Temple Mount. [253] Hamas called the ruling "a clear declaration of war". God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth. Warren was able to investigate the inside of these gates. The existing four minarets include three near the Western Wall and one near the northern wall. [19] For Sunni and Shia Muslims alike, it ranks as the third holiest site in Islam. During the 1930s and 1940s, large-scale restoration of the . [35] The term was used throughout the Second Temple period, however, the term Mount Zion which today refers to the eastern hill of ancient Jerusalem was more frequently used. The Israeli police work with the Islamic Waqf to provide safe entrance at specific times during the day for non-Muslims to tour the Temple Mount. [145][146][147] Mujir al-Din, a 15th-century Jerusalemite chronicler, mentions an earlier tradition related by al-Wasti, according which "after David built many cities and the situation of the children of Israel was improved, he wanted to construct Bayt al-Maqdis and build a dome over the rock in the place that Allah sanctified in Aelia. [217] The Temple Mount had a mystique because it was above what were believed to be the ruins of the Temple of Solomon. [74][75] In recent years, the term is also used by the UN and its subsidiary organs. It was built at the original site of Solomon's Temple. [30], The name of the site is disputed, primarily between Muslims and Jews, in the context of the ongoing IsraeliPalestinian conflict. "[272] The signatures of more than 300 prominent rabbis were later obtained. By. In response, Israel denounced the UNESCO resolution for its omission of the words "Temple Mount" or "Har HaBayit", stating that it denied Jewish ties to the site. 'for generations and generations'], against entering the entire area of the Temple Mount and have indeed avoided doing so. Islamic authorities did not disturb Goren when he went to pray on the Mount until, on the Ninth Day of Av, he brought 50 followers and introduced both a shofar, and a portable ark to pray, an innovation which alarmed the Waqf authorities and led to a deterioration of relations between the Muslim authorities and the Israeli government. [273], A major critic of the decision of the Chief Rabbinate was Rabbi Shlomo Goren, the chief rabbi of the IDF. He said on top of Mount Moriah there was a mosque "3,000 years ago, and 30,000 years ago" and has been "since . In addition to the restoration of the Temple, its courtyards and porticoes, Herod also built the Antonia Fortress, which dominated the northwestern corner of the Temple Mount, and a rainwater reservoir, Birket Israel, in the northeast. [174] The First Temple is believed to have once been a part of a much larger royal complex. The mosque sits inside a 35-acre site known by Muslims as Haram al-Sharif, or the Noble Sanctuary, and by Jews as the. [190] The result was the largest temenos in the ancient world. It is significant for Jews because it was where Jesus was born and celebrated Jewish festivals. When a group of Palestinians left the mosque after Friday prayers (Jumu'ah,) they hurled stones at the police. It stands north-south 262 ft long. [124][127], Emperor Constantine I promoted the Christianization of Roman society, giving it precedence over pagan cults. [251][252] In October 2021, a Jewish man, Aryeh Lippo, who was banned by Israeli police from the Temple Mount for fifteen days after being caught quietly praying, had his ban overturned by an Israeli court on the grounds that his behavior had not violated police instructions. 'The Furthest Mosque'),[2] and sometimes as Jerusalem's sacred (or holy) esplanade,[3][4] is a hill in the Old City of Jerusalem that has been venerated as a holy site in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam for thousands of years. According to Islam, Mohammed flew from Mecca to Jerusalem on a winged horse which landed atop the Western Wall. [220][bettersourceneeded], There is debate over whether reports that Maimonides himself ascended the Mount are reliable. This fact was written by great Muslim writers such as Omar ibn Khatir and in the book by Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, The History of the . [citation needed] The Mughrabi Gate is the only entrance to the Temple Mount accessible to non-Muslims. The Qur'an does not mention the exact location of "the furthest place of prayer", and the city of Jerusalem is not mentioned by any of its names in the Qur'an. Cultural and religious sites in both sides of the city were destroyed and neglected and the Jewish community barred from its sacred places.[247]. [212] It became known as al-Aqsa Mosque. This is a profoundly sacred area to Christians, Jews, and Muslims. The Islamization of the Temple Mount climaxed at the end of the seventh century, with the construction of the Dome of the Rock in the early 690s when Abd al-Malik was developing his program of Islamization. [204][206] Church historians wrote that the Jews began to clear away the structures and rubble on the Temple Mount but were thwarted, first by a great earthquake, and then by miracles that included fire springing from the earth. It stands where past Jewish temples are commonly believed to have stood. ), Davidson, Linda Kay and David Martin Gitlitz, Andreas J. Kstenberger, 'The Destruction of the Second Temple and the Composition of the Fourth Gospel ,' in John Lierman (ed. It was built over the Foundation Stone, the site of the historic Jewish Temple. There are several Mamluk buildings on and around the Haram esplanade, such as the late 15th-century al-Ashrafiyya Madrasa and Sabil (fountain) of Qaitbay. The cistern's position and design is such that there has been speculation it had a function connected with the altar of the Second Temple (and possibly of the earlier Temple), or with the, Cistern 8 (located just north of the al-Aqsa Mosque) known as the, Cistern 9 (located just south of cistern 8, and directly under the al-Aqsa Mosque) known as the. (2009). The Jews never had a temple in Jerusalem - ever. The mount is also the site of both ancient Jewish temples. [26] The Israeli government enforces a ban on prayer by non-Muslims as part of an arrangement usually referred to as the "status quo. It was destroyed by the Babylonians in the year 586 BCE., but it was soon rebuilt and was rededicated to the worship of Allah in 516 BCE. [226], In June 1969 an Australian set fire to the Jami'a al-Aqsa. [191], The main entrances to the Herodian Temple Mount were two sets of gates built into the southern wall, together with four other gates reachable from the western side by stairs and bridges. It has particular religious significance for Judaism and Islam. Pompey himself entered the Holy of Holies, but did not harm the Temple, and allowed the priests to continue their work as usual. A Lost Inscription from the Dome of the Rock? After he departed this world, it was destroyed by the Romans in the year 70 CE." These resulted in the Dome of the Rock being built over the ancient temple site and the Al-Aqsa Mosque being built on the south end of the Temple Mount. [105], The First Temple was instead constructed under David's son Solomon,[106] who became an ambitious builder of public works in ancient Israel:[107]. Fantastic tales of Solomon's construction of the Temple also appear in the Qisas al-anbiya', the medieval compendia of Muslim legends about the pre-Islamic prophets." [62] The two different Arabic terms translated as "mosque" in English parallels the two different Greek terms translated as "temple" in the New Testament: Greek: , romanized:hieron (equivalent to Masjid) and Greek: , romanized:naos (equivalent to Jami'a),[51][58][63] and use of the term "mosque" for the whole compound follows the usage of the same term for other early Islamic sites with large courtyards such as the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo, the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and the Great Mosque of Kairouan. [283] They wrote, "In light of [those] neglecting [this ruling], we once again warn that nothing has changed and this strict prohibition remains in effect for the entire area [of the Temple Mount]". In 610, the Sassanid Empire drove the Byzantine Empire out of the Middle East, giving the Jews control of Jerusalem for the first time in centuries. Jews call the area the "Temple Mount," claiming it was the site of two Jewish temples in ancient times. [290] Barclay's Gate is similar, but abruptly turns south as it does so; the reason for this is currently unknown. Together with the extension of Israeli jurisdiction and administration over east Jerusalem, the Knesset passed the Preservation of the Holy Places Law,[256] ensuring protection of the Holy Places against desecration, as well as freedom of access thereto. [40][41] In the Books of Chronicles, edited at the end of the Persian period, the mountain is already referred to as a distinct entity. [308] In February 2004, the eastern wall of the Mount was damaged by an earthquake. The Al Aqsa Mosque rests on the far southern side of the Mount, facing Mecca. Jewish rabbis ordered the restart of animal sacrifice for the first time since the time of Second Temple and started to reconstruct the Jewish Temple. The eternal High Priest has assumed his intercessory office. World Explained: Why al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is a regular site of conflict between Israel and Palestine More than 170 have been injured in Israeli-Palestinian clashes around the al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem since Friday. The ban on visitors continued until 1948[246], Although the 1949 Armistice Agreement called for "resumption of the normal functioning of the cultural and humanitarian institutions on Mount Scopus and free access thereto; free access to the Holy Places and cultural institutions and use of the cemetery on the Mount of Olives. Solomon placed the Ark in the Holy of Holies the windowless innermost sanctuary and most sacred area of the temple in which God's presence rested;[109] entry into the Holy of Holies was heavily restricted, and only the High Priest of Israel entered the sanctuary once per year on Yom Kippur, carrying the blood of a sacrificial lamb and burning incense. After the city's conquest, the Crusading order known as the Knights Templar was granted use of Al-Aqsa Mosque to use as their headquarters. [243], In the first ten years of British rule in Palestine, all were allowed entry to the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif complex. The Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the First Temple Period: An Archaeologist's View. [49] The name later migrated for a last time, this time to Jerusalem's Western Hill. The patriarch of Jerusalem, Sophronius, had by then lost all hope of relief from Constantinople, since all the major cities of Syria . [204], During his excavations in the 1930s, Robert Hamilton uncovered portions of a multicolor mosaic floor with geometric patterns inside al-Aqsa mosque, but did not publish them. El Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount. Le. One was a terrorist attack . Fleming believed the bones were connected to one of the waves of violence that visited the area in the century before his visit: World War I, the Arab Revolt against the British, or Israel's 1948 War of Independence. [309] A few days later, a portion of retaining wall, supporting the earthen ramp that led from the Western Wall plaza to the Gate of the Moors on the Temple Mount, collapsed. [88][89] While the text acknowledged the "importance of the Old City of Jerusalem and its walls for the three monotheistic religions", it referred to the sacred hilltop compound in Jerusalem's Old City only by its Muslim name Al-Haram al-Sharif. [47] According to Jan Turek and John Carman, in modern usage, the term Temple Mount can potentially imply support for Israeli control of the site.[48]. [235][236] Between 1992 and 1994, the Jordanian government undertook the unprecedented step of gilding the dome of the Dome of the Rock, covering it with 5000 gold plates, and restoring and reinforcing the structure. Speaking on January 4 to the Palestine . According to Arculf's account as recorded by Adomnn, he saw a rectangular wooden house of prayer built over some ruins, large enough to hold 3,000 people. Eetta Prince-Gibson. [300][301] The same year the Waqf began construction of a new mosque in the structures known since Crusader times as Solomon's Stables. [115], Jewish texts predict that the Mount will be the site of a Third and final Temple, which will be rebuilt with the coming of the Messiah. The project was paid for by King Hussein personally, at a cost of $8 million. It took the Romans four months to defeat the Temple Mount's defenders and take the site. Islam on the Temple Mount. This procedure ended when the Second Intifada erupted. [16][17][18], Among Muslims, the whole plaza is revered as "the Noble Sanctuary" or as the al-Aqsa Mosque, the second oldest mosque in Islam,[19] and one of the three Sacred Mosques, the holiest sites in Islam. [49] The Mount Zion mentioned in the later parts of the Book of Isaiah (Isaiah 60:14),[50] in the Book of Psalms, and the First Book of Maccabees (c.2nd century BCE) seems to refer to the top of the hill, generally known as the Temple Mount. (2008) "The concept of the Temple Mount in the Second Tem period,". Warren also conducted some small scale excavations inside the Temple Mount, by removing rubble that blocked passages leading from the Double Gate chamber. [citation needed], According to archeologists, the Temple Mount served as the center of the religious life of biblical Jerusalem as well as the royal acropolis of the Kingdom of Judah. The Chief Rabbi of the Israeli Defense Forces, Shlomo Goren, led the soldiers in religious celebrations on the Temple Mount and at the Western Wall. Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the 17th month after he migrated from Mecca to Medina . A number of vocal Jewish groups now advocate building the Third Temple without delay in order to bring to pass God's "end-time prophetic plans for Israel and the entire world. 2819-2838: As shown, it is a part of the building of Al-Qibli mosque which is part of Al-Aqsa Mosque and one of its monuments with a roofed building topped by a dome covered by a layer of lead, located in the south side of Al-Aqsa Mosque towards Al-Qiblah in which the name Al-Qibli came from.. [172], The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation refers to al-Aqsa Mosque as the third holiest site in Islam (and calls for Arab sovereignty over it). Saladin captured Jerusalem in 1187 and restored the mosque. This was probably by Baldwin II of Jerusalem and Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem at the Council of Nablus in January 1120. This Jewish Holy Temple, called the Second Temple, was the holiest Jewish site of worship until it was destroyed by the Roman Empire in the 70 A.D. as punishment for a Jewish revolt. Other Islamic figures disputed the haram status of the site. During the Second Temple Period, Jerusalem was the center of religious and national life for Jews, including those in the Diaspora. Maimonides, perhaps the greatest codifier of Jewish Law, wrote in Laws of the Chosen House ch 7 Law 15 "One may bring a dead body in to the (lower sanctified areas of the) Temple Mount and there is no need to say that the ritually impure (from the dead) may enter there, because the dead body itself can enter". Answer The Temple Mount is the holiest site in Judaism, the third holiest site in Islam, and a revered site to Christians. Two twin gates follow south of the Ablution Gate, the Tranquility Gate and the Gate of the Chain: A twelfth gate still open during Ottoman rule is now closed to the public: East of and joined to the triple gate passageway is a large vaulted area, supporting the southeastern corner of the Temple Mount platform which is substantially above the bedrock at this point the vaulted chambers here are popularly referred to as Solomon's Stables. Description de la mosque Mesdjid-ol-aksa, telle qu'elle est de nos jours, (du temps de l'auteur, au dixime sicle de l'Hgire, au seizime aprs J. C.)", "The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Islamic Sources", "Description of the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem in 1470 A.D., by Kaml (or Shams) ad Dn as Suyt", Jordan-PLO Agreement on the Jerusalem Holy Sites - English (2013), "The Restoration Project of the Masjid Al-Aqsa by Mimar Kemalettin (1922-26)", "A New Saljuq Inscription in the Masjid al-Aqsa, Jerusalem", The Marwani Musalla in Jerusalem: New Findings, "Suq al-Ma'rifa: An Ayyubid Hanbalite Shrine in Haram al-Sharif", "The Haram al-Sharif: An Essay in Interpretation", "Geographical Terminology in Mujir al-Din's History of Jerusalem", "The Farthest Mosque or the Alleged Temple an Analytic Study", "Review: Where Heaven and Earth Meet: Jerusalem's sacred esplanade", "Provocations on Jerusalem's Holy Esplanade Must Stop Now, Secretary-General Says, Stressing Need to Respect, Uphold Status Quo at Holy Sites", "Middle East Report N159 - The Status of the Status Quo at Jerusalem's Holy Esplanade", "Statement By UN Special Coordinator For The Middle East Peace Process, Tor Wennesland, On The Security Situation In Jerusalem", Finkelstein, Horbury, Davies & Sturdy (1999), "Report of the 1st Extraordinary Session of the World Heritage Committee", "Justification for inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger, 1982: Report of the 6th Session of the World Heritage Committee", "Jerusalem's Status Quo Agreement: History and Challenges to Its Viability", https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/UNESCOEX200.pdf, "UNESCO adopts anti-Israel resolution on al-Aqsa Mosque", "UNESCO approves new Jerusalem resolution", "UNESCO fails to acknowledge Jewish ties to Temple Mount", "Netanyahu leads angry denunciations of 'absurd' UNESCO decision", "The United States Withdraws From UNESCO", "U.S. Will Withdraw From Unesco, Citing Its 'Anti-Israel Bias', "UNESCO unanimously adopts resolution on old Jerusalem", "Jerusalem: Eye of the Universe - Torah.org", "The Temple of Solomon in Iron Age Context", "Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland: an Encyclopedia", https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLucAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA136, The Furthest Mosque, The History of Al Aqsa Mosque From Earliest Times, "Jerusalem, Jerusalem: How The Ancient City Ignited Our Modern World", "The Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem", "The Modern History of Islamic Jerusalem: Academic Myths and Propaganda", "Israel applauds Egyptian writer's remarks on Jerusalem", "Saudi Lawyer Claims Al Aqsa Mosque Is In Saudi Arabia, Not Jerusalem", "Four Stages in the Evolution of the Temple Mount", "The Mound on the Mount: A Possible Solution to the Problem with Jerusalem", "The City of David Is Not on the Temple Mount After All", "How Did the Temple Mount Fall to Pompey? Friedman Baker,Eric W.. [299], Over the period 197088, a number of tunnels were excavated in the vicinity, including one that passed to the west of the Mount and became known as the Western Wall Tunnel, which was opened to the public in 1996. [8][9][a] According to Jewish tradition and scripture,[11] the First Temple was built by King Solomon, the son of King David, in 957 BCE, and was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire, together with Jerusalem, in 587 BCE. Why was the Dome of the Rock built on Temple Mount, the plateau of Jerusalem where the Jewish Temple of Jerusalem once stood? To accomplish this, Pompey waited for Sabbaths, so the defenders would not disrupt the work. [226] Jews were given the right to visit the Temple Mount unobstructed and free of charge if they respected Muslims' religious feelings and acted decently, but they were not allowed to pray. The retaining walls on these two sides descend many meters below ground level. Tel Aviv; Jerusalem; Haifa; Eilat; North District; Center District; Jerusalem District; South District; Where To Stay. Golden Gate (Bab al-Zahabi); eastern wall (northern third), a double gate: Warren's Gate; western wall, now only visible from the Western Wall Tunnel, Bab an-Nabi (Gate of the Prophet) or Barclay's Gate; western wall, visible from al-Buraq Mosque inside the Haram, and from the Western Wall plaza (women's section) and the adjacent building (the so-called house of Abu Sa'ud), Double Gate (Bab al-Thulathe; possibly one of the Huldah Gates); southern wall, underneath al-Aqsa Mosque, Triple Gate; southern wall, outside Solomon's Stables/Marwani Mosque, Single Gate; southern wall, outside Solomon's Stables/Marwani Mosque, Bab al-Asbat (Gate of the Tribes); north-east corner, Bab al-Hitta/Huttah (Gate of Remission, Pardon, or Absolution); northern wall, Bab al-Atim/'Atm/Attim (Gate of Darkness); northern wall, Bab al-Ghawanima (Gate of Bani Ghanim); north-west corner, Bab al-Majlis / an-Nazir/Nadhir (Council Gate / Inspector's Gate); western wall (northern third), Bab al-Hadid (Iron Gate); western wall (central part), Bab al-Qattanin (Gate of the Cotton Merchants); western wall (central part), Bab al-Matarah/Mathara (Ablution Gate); western wall (central part), Bab as-Salam / al-Sakina (Tranquility Gate / Gate of the Dwelling), the northern one of the two; western wall (central part), Bab as-Silsileh (Gate of the Chain), the southern one of the two; western wall (central part), Bab al-Magharbeh/Maghariba (Moroccans' Gate/Gate of the Moors); western wall (southern third); the only entrance for non-Muslims. 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