Law enforcement agencies can use forfeited assets to supplement their budgets. 580 0 R 581 0 R 582 0 R] Their diminished understanding of rights, confusion about trial processes, limited language skills, and inadequate decision-making abilities puts them at great risk in the adult criminal justice system. Cancer has been around as long as humankind, but only in the second half of the twentieth century did the number of cancer cases explode. 31 0 obj /P 3 0 R /ExtGState << 0 0 0 722 667 722 722 667 611 0 /Type /Page Specialized courts differ from traditional courts in that they focus on one type of offender or offense, and because of their rehabilitative focus, tend to use which type of sentencing approach? Which was the first institution to pay wages to prisoners as a reward for diligence and productivity? /StructTreeRoot 3 0 R A community service order requires an offender to perform work hours at a nonprofit or government agency. /F5 47 0 R /Resources << 11 [619 0 R 620 0 R 621 0 R 622 0 R 623 0 R 624 0 R 625 0 R 626 0 R 627 0 R 627 0 R 628 0 R 629 0 R 630 0 R 631 0 R 632 0 R 633 0 R 634 0 R 635 0 R 636 0 R 637 0 R 608 0 R 609 0 R 610 0 R 611 0 R 612 0 R 613 0 R 614 0 R 615 0 R 616 0 R 617 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 444 /Resources << 1 [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 408 0 R 409 0 R 410 0 R 411 0 R 412 0 R 413 0 R 414 0 R 415 0 R 416 0 R 417 0 R /ExtGState << !z+'aZS vDq+|E"rs`9r;C"p TVxhY,Z\_A@h5"J%x8KP-eI$caRr/&$ >> 655 0 R] 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R Prosecutors have little use for them because of their harshness and because they shift sentencing authority to judges. << After decades of imprisoning more and more people, U.S. policymakers have recently started focusing on alternative punishments - and shorter sentences for many non-violent offenders have reduced the numbers of prisoners. A type of probation in which the probationer is not supervised is: Individuals who would agree to make themselves responsible for offenders who had been released from custody are called: Nearly ____________________ of all probationers have been convicted of a violent offense, such as assault, sexual assault, and domestic violence. endobj 32 0 obj Who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release? /Font << Homework Clinic is a free homework helpline for anyone who signs-up. Deferred prosecution programs have focused on persons suffering from alcohol, drug, or mental health problems who can ask permission of the court to go through an intensive treatment program in lieu of being prosecuted. 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R /Contents 45 0 R True diversion takes place when an offender is referred to a program, and the completion of which will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution. 469 0 R 470 0 R 471 0 R 472 0 R 473 0 R 474 0 R 475 0 R 476 0 R 477 0 R 478 0 R >> in these factors. /Tabs /S /Type /Catalog 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 745 0 R /S /Transparency Human beings are seen as rational creatures, who, being free to choose their actions, can be held responsible for their behavior. They often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly. >> 14 [715 0 R 716 0 R 717 0 R 718 0 R 719 0 R 720 0 R 721 0 R 722 0 R 723 0 R 724 0 R /GS17 35 0 R 428 0 R 429 0 R 430 0 R 431 0 R 432 0 R 433 0 R 434 0 R 435 0 R 436 0 R 437 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB /Font << Many patients' pores scar shut, causing them to retain heat. The ____________________ is the idea that criminality is a sickness that can be cured through psychological intervention. They often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly. /CS /DeviceRGB There has been a transfer of power in the courts that has undercut the formal court process with a more informal system shaped by backroom deals and agreements. Electronic monitoring includes which of the following? /Font << The interpretation of laws is done by the ____________________ branch of government. /Count 15 434 0 R 435 0 R 436 0 R 437 0 R 438 0 R 439 0 R 440 0 R 441 0 R 442 0 R 443 0 R We advocate for clients in parole hearings, provide re-entry services designed for people incarcerated as children, and educate policymakers, decision makers, and the public about the treatment of children in the justice system. /Marked true 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R >> EJI launched a litigation campaign in 2006 to challenge death-in-prison sentences imposed on children. << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding ?>yv|bN]jo]Wo^wWWCw {+~z:]m|wY''cklv}rtM4 {x7lR{/q&A`ssI).bBN4B=|"lSNCls0.1mHY=vrjh!K)G[alJG+9803VE?~x=l"7g&Osic8von?_?>~z_?v~:{FnDqNv#wn]oqr]).~no7~{+;F~ Over a thousand people who were automatically condemned to die in prison for juvenile offenses have been resentenced because of Miller, and hundreds have been released. 30 0 obj 1 0 obj 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R 272 0 R /StructParents 2 Violent Crime Control and Law Endorcement Act. /S /Transparency /A 774 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R Over a thousand people who were automatically condemned to die in prison for juvenile offenses have been resentenced because of. Discuss the validity of each statement. With the number of plea bargains increasing over the past few years, there seems to be a transfer of power in the courtroom to the prosecutor from the: During trials without juries, the judge does which of the following? /Type /Group /Subtype /Link Evaluate the way SeaBreeze classified each of the five items on its income statement. 9 [545 0 R 546 0 R 547 0 R 548 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 550 0 R obligation with the state is referred to as: A sentence requiring an offender to serve time in jail or prison before a probation placement is known as, The state-based act through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is. /Encoding /Identity-H %LYQ(hHE*)rd|&WTTwM}!mM#j)dJI>~^>Na89 ;\d|ds|40OHT;;~U( /Contents 49 0 R Which aspect of sentencing views those who violate the law as "society's victims"? /StructParents 7 /Group << 6. /Tabs /S /Contents 40 0 R A sentence of 1 to 15 years is an example of a determinate sentence. /Resources << /Contents 36 0 R Punishment that is based on "getting even" for violating the social contract is known as: Which position on punishment is most closely linked to retribution? << Which Supreme Court case held that federal sentencing guidelines can be taken into consideration by federal judges but that they no longer had to be regarded as mandatory? >> Notes to the financial statements indicate the following: The changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income relate to revaluations of Investments in Securities to market value. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /StructParents 0 /Tabs /S 34 0 obj /F6 48 0 R /GS16 34 0 R hmO8?:qc;NH+]V"=]uJ.;Mp"7o"LZ1!U|&|*V4QDym What is considered to be one of the most important drives toward professionalism in the American corrections system? D)having charges dropped. In an adult jail or prison, this behavior results in more aggressive punishmentwhich can worsen a childs mental health problems. /Font << Many analysts have presumed what is called the incapacitation effect the idea that every time a violent offender is imprisoned, a new violent crime is prevented from occurring in the community. endobj In 2012, the Court in Miller v. Alabama struck down mandatory life-without-parole sentences for all children 17 or younger. Some states refused to apply Miller to older cases. Explore our library and get Criminal Justice Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. << /StructParents 9 /LastChar 122 OBJ: 2 /FirstChar 32 /F1 23 0 R 479 0 R 480 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 /Parent 2 0 R /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] These laws are known as: Release after serving the required minimum portion of the sentence is a(n): Which of the following is considered to be an appropriate legal factor for a judge to consider prior to making a final sentencing decision? /Filter /FlateDecode Intermediate sanctions, if successfully completed, cost less than jails and prisons. Advocates should push for alternative approaches to violence prevention than the handing down of harsh prison sentences, and policymakers would be wise to institute such changes. Fines are more frequently used in cases involving: An intensive form of short-term community supervision that also requires attendance is the: Prerelease centers for inmates that also serve as an intermediate sanction for probationers are called ______________and include probation centers, restitution centers, county work- release centers, and therapeutic communities. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. >> 468 0 R 469 0 R 470 0 R 471 0 R 472 0 R 473 0 R 474 0 R 475 0 R 476 0 R 477 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Page According to the "just desserts" philosophy, punishment is a justified only when it conforms to what the guilty deserves, no more and no less. ____________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency. Criminal forfeiture can occur only after: What is considered to be one of the most important drives toward professionalism in the American. The Court did not ban all juvenile life-without-parole sentences, but held that requiring sentencers to consider childrens diminished culpability, and heightened capacity for change should make such sentences uncommon., to older cases. >> About 80% of major fungal systemic infections are due to Candida albicans. 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